Effects Of Smoking On The Mind And Body - 1578 Words

the past century smoking has been integrated into our society, and it has been lingering without any uproar. The beginning of the 20th century was a time where smoking cigarettes was something a doctor would do in a hospital after surgery. Smoking was so common around that time youths were even indulging into the harmful habit with no penalties. In today’s time, there is a significant amount of awareness to the destructive nature of smoking, and any other tobacco product. Science has reached many heights, and each year we learn more about tobacco and its harms.This paper is designed to highlight significant harms of tobacco smoke, to walk through the withdrawal process, and present the reader the steps the body goes through to detox itself and repair any damage caused by the smoke inhalation. Smoking: It’s Effects on the Mind and Body Overview The proportion of smokers who say they would like to give up smoking is lower for smokers aged 50 and older (57 percent) than for smokers aged 18-29 (68 percent) and 30-49 (67 percent)( Gallup, 1989). Smoking can slither into our lives by various ways. It can be a social tranquilizer, it can come from other drug usage, from depression, or just a general curiosity. No matter how you contracted the urge to smoke, it is all downhill from that moment onwards. Most people who start smoking do not feel the harmful effects right away, but the other troubling part is that nicotine one of theShow MoreRelatedSecondhand Smoke Essay807 Words   |  4 PagesSecondhand smoke is just as harmful as smoking because it leads to a higher prevalence of cancer and heart disease, it affects children’s health, and harms nonsmokers since they are healthy. You ever thought if smoking was harmful to you or your friends? Is smoking really that good? Many years smoking has been proven to be harmful. Smoking takes control of your mind, body and physical appearance sometimes. Many smokers are starting to smoke now at a young age. Smoking isn’t only harmful to you but allRead MoreMy Mom Smoked Cigarettes From The Time Essay1553 Words   |  7 Pagesfamily. Her husband, my dad, did not like the smell nor did my sisters and I. It got to the point in which she had to go outside to smoke, spending an hour of her time talking on the phone, lighting one cigarette after the other. My mom started smoking cigarettes back when she was â€Å"a sophomore in high school,† stating that the start of her habit was due to â€Å"peer pressure,† and the fact that â€Å"it was the cool thing to do† since â€Å"all of (her) friends were doing it† (Menard 1). Every day after schoolRead MorePersuasive Essay On Cigarettes844 Words   |  4 Pagesthat time, they have been perceived as this trend setting drug that will make you super cool. Their advertisements convince the buyers that they would make you more appealing to the other sex, more interesting, and a better person if you would start smoking, and that for the most part has kept up to this day. However, thankfully to awareness advertisements we have become more informed on how dangerous cigarettes really are. We now know what our grandparents didn’t know at the time, that this â€Å"superRead MoreShould We Be Healthier Than Smoking Cigarettes870 Words   |  4 PagesIn our generation vaping is know to be healthier than smoking cigarettes. Vaping is vapor produced by an electronic cigarette or similar device. On the other hand, cigarettes are thin cylinders that contain tobacco rolled in paper. In America vaping is becoming popular since people vape for a hobby. While smoking cigarettes is known as a stress reliever, people tend to like it more than vaping. Vaping is respected more in today’s society, it is known to smell and taste better than cigarettes, inRead MorePublic smoking Essay909 Words   |  4 PagesSmoking in Public â€Å"One thousand Americans stop smoking every day - by dying.†(The Quote Garden). It’s no surprise that smoking is one of the leading causes of death in the nation. There is overwhelming evidence that smoking affects our health. However, when one lights up a cigarette and smokes where other are present, one not only affects his or her own body, but others as well. This refers not only to the inconvenience of someone smoking near you, but also to the affect of secondhand smokeRead MoreShould Smoking be Globally Banned?905 Words   |  4 Pagesis affected by smoking, either firsthand or secondhand. Cigarettes used to be smoked everywhere; hospitals, stores and etc. There wasn‘t certain areas for smokers, since the negative impacts were unknown to the general audience. But after technology advanced, scientists found the atrocious side effects of smoking such as health problems concerning the human body, as well as gruesome personal side effects. Majority of th e chemicals released in the air and taken into the human body will cause manyRead MoreSmoking Is A Controversial Topic On Modern Society1201 Words   |  5 PagesWhen talking about smoking one phrase always pops up in a person s mind, â€Å"Smoking Kills†. Considered as one of the biggest public health disasters in the world smoking is a very controversial topic in modern society. As of recent times due to the link smoking has with serious health issues, many advertisement have been made to make people aware of the dangers. In the advertisement â€Å"Smoking Kills† the hand that holds the cigarette is compared to that of a gun. Since a gun has a dangerous atmosphereRead MoreEssay about Should Cigarette Smoking Be Banned?1083 Words   |  5 Pages101-05 Nov 19, 2012 Should Cigarette Smoking Be Banned? The harms of smoking have become more popular around the world. In my country many people die every year .You could also find more information about these problem in the many websites on the internet which discuss this problem also when you go to any hospital you will see many photos on the walls that considers about effects problem smoking. Smoking has a lot of disadvantages than advantages for us. Smoking habit can lead to many cancers andRead MoreEac Research Paper. â€Å"Where There’S Smoke, There’S Fire!†1085 Words   |  5 Pagesfire!† Smoking can be very detrimental to one’s health, something about which many of us Saudi smokers are either unaware of or do not care. Furthermore, numerous men in my country use cigarettes, and some of us have smoked from a young age. Smoking can cause many problems for people of any age, even if they do not utilize tobacco themselves. Frequently, death, doom and destruction are what come to people’s minds when cigarettes come to mind. I have personally witnessed the evils of smoking, someRead MoreMarijuana Should Be Kept Illegal1302 Words   |  5 Pagesto your body. It is very addicting and people think that it is a harmless little plant but in reality, it can cause so much harm to your body. So many people in America are smoking Marijuana and they think that it doesn’t do anything to harm them because it is an all natural plant. Marijuana is smoked all over America and in some places it is illegal and others it it legal. People start smoking Marijuana at a young age and they don’t realize how much damage it is causing to their body. It kills

Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism - 1133 Words

Hypo/Hyperthyroidism Both hypo and hyperthyroidism are a result of a disease in caused by malfunction of the thyroid gland located in the neck as represented by the image below left. The causes of chronic hypothyroidism are fairly distinct. Around the world in third-world and developing countries, iodine deficiency is the most common cause of hypothyroidism. This used to be true as well for developed countries, but today this is a less common cause as iodine usually finds its way into our diets without too much trouble. In modern-day developed countries, hypothyroidism is mainly a result of Hashimotos thyroiditis, a birth defect which lacks a thyroid gland or a deficiency of hormones from either the hypothalamus or the pituitary gland.†¦show more content†¦Hyperthyroidism is caused by an excess of thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3), or both. This excess is a result of a malfunction of the thyroid gland as indicated by the picture below. There are many different symptoms of hyperthyroidism, some of the most common being major weight loss despite having a insatiable appetite, anxiety, heat intolerance, fatigue, weakness, hyperactivity, irritability, apathy, depression, and sweating. In addition, many experience shortness of breath, loss of balance, nausea, vomiting, osteoporosis, and diarrhea. However, those who undergo hyperthyroidism later in life may not experience most of these symptoms at all and instead only feel constantly fatigued and considerable weight loss. Nonetheless, neurological symptoms may occur in addition to the physical manifestations. These neurological symptoms include tremor, chorea (ticks), myopathy (muscle weakness), and temporary but periodic paralysis. There are a variety of ways to treat hyperthyroidism, depending on the age of the patient, the size of their thyroid gland, and their general health. The most common treatments include beta-blockers, which do not actually cure hyperthyroidism but mask some of the symptoms such as tremors, anxiet y and so on. This, however, is not advised for those with heart or lung problems. Another possible treatment for this disease is radioactive iodine, or RAI. RAI therapy is the most common treatment for hyperthyroidismShow MoreRelatedHyperthyroidism: Graves Disease and Thyroid Hormone Level977 Words   |  4 Pagesthe correct amount -- not too little and not too much. Hyperthyroidism is the medical term applied to an over-active thyroid gland with consequent excess secretion of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), causing the body to â€Å"speed up.† Hyperthyroidism with an enlarged thyroid gland is more popularly known as toxic goiter. What are the causes of hyperthyroidism? Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder and is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. The thyroid gland is diffusely enlarged and patientsRead MoreCoexistence of Autoimmune Disease with Type I Diabetes Mellitus in Libyan Patients2041 Words   |  8 Pagesfound a total of 215 patients (28.74%) have thyroid dysfunction. In which 159 patients (21.26%) diagnosed as hypothyroidism and 56 patients (7.49%) have hyperthyroidism. Examination of figure 2 demonstrates that the number of patients with type I diabetes mellitus have hypothyroidism are 159 patients (21.26%), 105 females and 45 males, This results show that about 66% of the hypothyroidism patients belonged to female sex whereas only 34% of these cases were belong to male sex. This female predominanceRead MoreHashimotos Vs. Graves Disease762 Words   |  4 PagesHashimoto’s Disease vs. Graves Disease Anna Grochowski Salter College Anatomy and Physiology II September 18, 2013 Dr. P. Wong Hashimotos disease can also be called chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis or autoimmune thyroiditis. An autoimmune disease happens when the bodys immune system attacks its own cells and organs instead of its normal job of protecting the body from infection. Hashimotos disease specifically attacks the thyroid gland, causing inflammationRead MorePsychiatric Clinical Nursing Assessment and Care Plan Essay2454 Words   |  10 PagesTimes | Reason Pt Taking Drug(Do not list classification of drug here again) | Labs/Diagnostics(Pt specific values checked before giving med) | 2 Common Side Effects2 Adverse effects | Patient assessment amp; Teaching performed prior to giving med. (VS, Route, with or without food etc) | olanzapine (Zyprexa) antipsychotic, mood stabilizertheinobenzodiazepinesantagonizes dopamine and serotonin type 2 in CNS | 5 mg hs PO | psychosis | CBC (WBC during intial treatment), liver function tests, ocularRead MoreEndocrine vs. Nervous System2686 Words   |  11 PagesEndocrine Vs Nervous System The endocrine system acts with nervous system to coordinate the bodys activities. Both systems enable cells to communicate with others by using chemical messengers. The endocrine system uses chemical messengers called hormones that are transported by the circulatory system (blood). They act on target cells that may be anywhere in the body. The endocrine system is slower than the nervous system because hormones must travel through the circulatory system to reach theirRead MoreA Research Study On Osteoporosis2344 Words   |  10 Pagesskeleton more likely to fracture. Postmenopausal osteoporosis (Type I) and age-related osteoporosis (Type II) are the most common primary forms of bone loss seen in clinical practice. Secondary causes of osteoporosis include hypercortisolism, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, alcohol abuse, and immobilization. In the development of osteoporosis, there is often a long latent period before the appearance of the main clinical manifestation, pathologic fractures. 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(APA, 2000) | Lifetime Estimated Prevalence of Anxiety disorders in the populationGAD = 5% populationPD = 1-2% populationPhobias = 9-24%Read MoreMaagang Pagbubuntis Ng Mga Kabataan9395 Words   |  38 Pages(coumarin) | anticoagulation | Fetal bleeding or anomalies | ANTIDEPRESSANTS | Imipramine (tofranil) | Elevate mood | Cardiovascular anomalies | ANTIPCHIZOPHRENIC | lithium | schizophrenia | Hydramnios | ANTITHYROID | methimazole | hypothyroidism | Hypothyroidism in fetus | ANTIBIOTICS | RibavirinSulfonamidestetracycline | Respiratory infectioninfectionInfection   | Multiple anomaliesHyperbilirubinemia in newbornTeeth and bone deformities | ANTIHELMINTHICS | Lindane | Eradication of lice | OnlyRead MoreNursing Care Plan Essay10501 Words   |  43 Pagesand drink supplements between meals. 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The current standard of practice in caring for heart failure clients begins with the referrals from local physician offices and case managers from surrounding hospitals. The home

Ap World History Free Essays

I. Popular sovereignty and political upheaval A. Enlightened and revolutionary ideas 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Ap World History or any similar topic only for you Order Now Popular sovereignty: relocating sovereignty in the people a. Traditionally monarchs claimed a â€Å"divine right† to rule b. The Enlightenment challenged this right, made the monarch responsible to the people c. John Locke’s theory of contractual government: authority comes from the consent of the governed 2. Freedom and equality: important values of the Enlightenment d. Demands for freedom of worship and freedom of expression e. Demands for political and legal equality (a) Condemned legal and social privileges of aristocrats (b) Jean-Jacques Rousseau,  The Social Contract f. Equality not extended to women, peasants, laborers, slaves, or people of color g. Ideals of Enlightenment were significant global influence B. The American Revolution 3. Tension between Britain and the North American colonies h. Legacy of Seven Years’ War: British debt, North American tax burden i. Mounting colonial protest over taxes, trade policies, Parliamentary rule (a) Colonial boycott of British goods b) Attacks on British officials; Boston Tea Party, 1773 j. Political protest over representation in Parliament: Continental Congress, 1774 k. British troops and colonial militia skirmished at the village of Lexington, 1775 4. The Declaration of Independence, 4 July 1776 l. Thirteen united States of America severed ties with Britain m. Declaration inspired by Enlightenment and Locke’s theory of government 5. The America n Revolution, 1775-1781 n. British advantages: strong government, navy, army, plus loyalists in colonies o. American advantages: European allies, George Washington’s leadership p. Weary of a costly conflict, British forces surrendered in 1781 6. Building an independent state: Constitutional Convention, 1787 q. Constitution guaranteed freedom of press, of speech, and of religion r. American republic based on principles of freedom, equality, popular sovereignty s. Full legal and political rights were granted only to men of property C. The French Revolution 7. Summoning the Estates General t. Financial crisis: half of government revenue went to national debt u. King Louis XVI forced to summon Estates General to raise new taxes v. Many representatives wanted sweeping political and social reform w. First and Second Estates (nobles, clergy) tried to limit Third Estate (commoners) 8. The National Assembly formed by representative of Third Estate, 17 June 1789 x. Demanded a written constitution and popular sovereignty y. Angry mob seized the Bastille on 14 July, sparked insurrections in many cities z. National Assembly wrote the â€Å"Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen† 9. Liberty, equality, and fraternity† was the slogan and values of the National Assembly {. The Assembly abolished the feudal system, altered the role of church |. France became a constitutional monarchy, 1791 10. The Convention replaced National Assembly under new constitution, 1791 }. Austrian and Prussian armies invaded France to restore ancien regime ~. Convention abolished the monarchy and proclaimed France a republic . King Louis XVI and Queen Ma rie Antoinette executed, 1793 . Radical Jacobins dominated the Convention in 1793-94 in a â€Å"reign of terror† . Revolutionary changes: in religion, dress, calendar, women’s rights 11. The Directory, 1795-1799 . A conservative reaction against the excesses of the Convention . Executed the Jacobin leader Robespierre, July 1794 . New constitution . â€Å"Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be based only on common utility. † – The Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen D. The reign of Napoleon, 1799-1815 12. Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) Brilliant military leader; became a general in the royal army at age twenty-four . Supported the revolution; defended the Directory . His invasion of Egypt was defeated by British army . Overthrew the Directory and named himself consul for life 13. Napoleonic France brought stability after years of chaos . Made peace with the Roman Catholic church and pope . Extended freedom of religion to Protestants and Jews . Ci vil Code of 1804: political and legal equality for all adult men . Restricted individual freedom, especially speech and press 14. Napoleon’s empire: 1804, proclaimed himself emperor . Dominated the European continent: Iberia, Italy, Netherlands . Defeated Austria and Prussia; fought British on high seas . Disastrous invasion of Russia in 1812 destroyed Grand Army 15. The fall of Napoleon . Forced by coalition of enemies to abdicate in 1814, exiled on Elba . Escaped, returned to France, raised army, but was defeated by British in 1815 II. The influence of revolution E. The Haitian Revolution: the only successful slave revolt in history 16. Saint-Domingue, rich French colony on western Hispaniola . Society dominated by small white planter class . 90 percent of population were slaves working under brutal conditions . Large communities of escaped slaves, or maroons . Free blacks fought in American war, brought back revolutionary ideas . Widespread discontent: white settlers sought self-governance,  gens de couleur  sought political rights, slaves wanted freedom 17. Slave revolt began in 1791 . Factions of white settlers,  gens de couleur, and slaves battled each other . French troops arrived in 1792; British and Spanish forces intervened in 1793 18. Toussaint Louverture (1744-1803) . Son of slaves, literate, skilled organizer, built a strong and disciplined army . Controlled most of Saint-Domingue by 1797, created a constitution in 1801 . Arrested by French troops; died in jail, 1803 19. The Republic of Haiti . Yellow fever ravaged French troops; defeated and driven out by slave armies . Declared independence in 1803; established the Republic of Haiti in 1804 F. Wars of independence in Latin America 20. Latin American society rigidly hierarchical . Social classes:  peninsulares, creoles, slaves, and indigenous peoples . Creoles sought to displace thepeninsulares  but retain their privileged position 21. Mexican independence . Napoleon’s invasion of Spain in 1807 weakened royal control of colonies . 1810: peasant revolt in Mexico led by Hidalgo, defeated by conservative creoles . 1821: Mexico briefly a military dictatorship, then in 1822 a republic . South part of Mexico was split into several independent states in 1830s 22. Simon Bolivar (1783-1830) led independence movement in South America . Inspired by George Washington, took arms against Spanish rule in 1811 . Creole forces overcame Spanish armies throughout South America, 1824 . Bolivar’s effort of creating the Gran Colombia failed in 1830s 23. Brazilian independence . Portuguese royal court fled to Rio de Janeiro, 1807 . The king’s son, Pedro, agreed to Brazilian independence, 1821 . Became Emperor Pedro I in the independent Brazil (reigned 1822-1834) 24. Creole dominance in Latin America . Independence brought little social change in Latin America . Principal beneficiaries were creole elites G. The emergence of ideologies: conservatism and liberalism 25. Conservatism: resistance to change . Importance of continuity, tradition . Edmund Burke viewed society as an organism that changed slowly over time (a) American Revolution: a natural and logical outcome of history (b) French Revolution: violent and irresponsible 26. Liberalism: welcomed change as an agent of progress . Championed freedom, equality, democracy, written constitutions . John Stuart Mill championed individual freedom and minority rights H. Testing the limits of revolutionary ideals: slavery 27. Movements to end slave trade: began in 1700s, gained momentum during revolutions . In 1807 British Parliament outlawed slave trade . Other states followed suit, though illegal slave trade continued from some time 28. Movements to abolish slavery: more difficult because of property rights . In Haiti and much of South America, end of slavery came with independence . In Europe and North America, campaign against slave trade became campaign to abolish slavery . Abolition in Britain in 1833, France in 1848, the United States in 1865, Brazil in 1888 29. Abolition brought legal freedom for slaves but not political equality I. Testing the limits of revolutionary ideals: women’s rights 30. Enlightenment ideals and women . Enlightenment call for equality not generally extended to women . Women used logic of Locke to argue for women’s rights (a) Mary Astell attacked male dominance in the family (b) Mary Wollstonecraft: women possessed same natural rights as men . â€Å"Woman is born free and lives equal to man in her rights. Social distinctions can be based only on the common utility. † – The Declaration of Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen 31. Women crucial to revolutionary activities . French revolution granted women rights of education and property, not the vote . Olympe de Gouges’s declaration of full citizenship for women too radical . Women made no significant gains in other revolutions 32. Women’s rights movements gained ground in the nineteenth century in United States and Europe III. The consolidation of national states in Europe J. Nations and nationalism 33. Cultural nationalism: an expression of national identity . Emphasized common historical experience . Used folk culture and literature to illustrate national spirit (Volkgiest) 34. Political nationalism more intense in the nineteenth century . Demanded loyalty and solidarity from members of the national group . Minorities sought independence as a national community . Young Italy formed by Giuseppe Mazzini 35. Zionism: Jewish nationalism as a response to widespread European anti-Semitism . Movement founded by Theodor Herzl to create a Jewish state in Palestine . Jewish state of Israel finally created in 1948 K. The emergence of national communities 36. Congress of Vienna, 1814-15 . Conservative leaders determined to restore old order after defeat of Napoleon . Succeeded in maintaining balance of power in Europe for a century . Failed in repressing nationalist and revolutionary ideas 37. Nationalist rebellions against old order throughout nineteenth century . Greek rebels overcame Ottoman rule in 1827 . 1830 and 1848, rebellions in France, Spain, Portugal, and German states . Conservative government usually restored afterward but ideals persisted L. The unification of Italy and Germany 38. Cavour and Garibaldi united Italy by 1870 . Mazzini’s Young Italy inspired uprisings against foreign rule in Italy . Cavour led nationalists and expelled Austrian authorities in northern Italy, 1859 . Garibaldi controlled southern Italy, returned it to King Vittore Emmanuele, 1860 39. Prussian prime minister Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898) created a united Germany . In Germany, nationalist rebellion was repressed in 1848 . Bismarck provoked three wars that swelled German pride . 1871, Prussian king proclaimed emperor of the Second Reich The years 1776 and 1789 are pivotal dates in world history. The impact of the American Revolution and the French Revolution extended far beyond the borders of those two countries. Other revolts followed, and in spite of a conservative reaction in Europe, the world was not the same afterward. Some common elements of the revolutionary era: * New ideals. The ideals of freedom, equality, and popular sovereignty first expressed by the  philosophes  of the Enlightenment (see Chapter 24) were now enacted. John Locke’s theory of government as a contract between rulers and subjects inspired the leaders of the American Revolution. Likewise, Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s concept of a â€Å"social contract† based on the â€Å"general will† found expression in the National Assembly of France. * New governments. Vastly different governments emerged in the United States, France, and Latin America. However, most revolutionary governments began with written constitutions, statements of individual rights, and elected assemblies. Political power was generally the privilege of men of property. Only Haiti empowered all men regardless of race. * New ideologies. Political theories emerged to address the dramatic changes of the age. Conservatism, liberalism, and later, socialism (see chapter 30) differed in the understanding of change and authority and came to express the social and economic currents of the nineteenth century. Uneven social progress. Some changes, such as the abolition of feudal rights and obligations in France, were profound and permanent. Other changes, like the abolition of slavery in the Americas, came more slowly and piecemeal. Equal rights for women did not gain momentum until late in the nineteenth century. * Nationalism. Popular sovereignty gave voice to a new form of identity . Based on notions of a common cultural and historic experience, nationalism was a powerful force in the nineteenth century. Ethnic minorities like the Greeks within the Ottoman empire demanded national independence, and scattered cultural groups like the Italians and the Germans created new states to house their national identities. Every revolution begins with the problems of the Old Regime 1st stage = increasing dissatisfaction with the Old regime, spontaneous acts of protest and violence, overthrow 2nd stage = honeymoon with moderate new government 3rd stage = takeover of the extremists, loss of individualism, the government becomes violent and excessive 4th stage = reestablishment of some sort of equilibrium, rights, etc. , usually under a â€Å"strongman† Ap World History Units 1-3 Study Guide iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" src="https://phdessay.com/ap-world-history-units-1-3-study-guide/embed/#?secret=TBhqwwfXxu" data-secret="TBhqwwfXxu" width="500" height="282" title="#8220;Ap World History Units 1-3 Study Guide#8221; #8212; Free Essays - PhDessay.com" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"/iframe How to cite Ap World History, Papers AP World History Free Essays AP World History Free Essays

Supporting Performance Management with Business Process

Question: Describe about the Supporting performance Management with Business Process? Answer: Introduction Business Intelligence and Analytics (BIA) the term was defined in year 1989 by Howard Dresner of the Gartner Group and is all about development of systems, technologies, applications and practices that help analysing complex and critical business data so as to develop new insights about markets and businesses (Lim, et al., 2013). BIAs prime objective is to support businesses in their decision making process by providing them easy and interactive access to diverse data, allow them transformation and manipulation of available data and provide business analysts and managers the ability to perform appropriate analysis which lead to best decisions. The principles and techniques of Business Intelligence and Analytics (BIA) thus help enhancing the performance effectiveness and efficiency of an organisation and enable them achieve desired goals and performance objectives. Business intelligence can be defined as the related knowledge and information of an organisation that help defining its business environment, economic issues, customers and competitors, market conditions and in a way the organisation itself (Ghazanfari, et al., 2011).Business intelligence lifecycle involves the design, development, and management approach to BI. The business users are incorporated in the design phase and focus is given to generating data models, data integration mappings, database objects and front-end semantic layers based on business user inputs (c, et al., 2013). BI Lifecycle help transforming data into intelligence and comprise of four main phases namely; Collection, reporting, analysis and visualisation which corresponds of infancy, adolescence, adulthood and maturity phase respectively. Apple Inc. Apple Inc. is an American Multination Corporation that was founded in year 1976 by Steve Jobs, Ronald Wayne and Steve Wozniak. The company is involved in the design, development and selling of consumer electronics, online services, computer software and personal computers (Apple Inc., 2015). Headquartered in Cupertino, California, Apple has recorded $182 billion as worldwide annual revenue in year 2014. Apple enjoys a large market share and a huge brand loyalty making it the worlds most valuable brand having a valuation of $118.9 billion. In order to keep a pulse on how the company is performing and operating Apple Inc. invest huge amount on business intelligence and analytics. BIA is helping them in ensuring continuous improvement in processes and performance and thus enhance customer experience. Project Brief Benefits of using dashboard and BIA for Apple Inc Dashboards are defined as graphical presentation that helps depicting companys performance measures (Loshin, 2003). They help in publishing linked reported, multi-objects and parameters with interactive and intuitive displays. They help identifying the gap actual and targets. Sliders, gauges, checkboxes and maps are some of the visualisation components. Dashboards and BIA help managers in decision making process and determining and improving companys performance. They help identifying negative trends and correcting them after they are identified. Dashboards help enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of newly made decisions(Ghazanfari, et al., 2011). They help measuring companys performance and other parameters and defining its strategies and goals as a whole. Dashboards also help enhancing employees efficiency as it is automated and easy to learn and maintain. Dashboards also help enhancing employee motivation by making them aware of new trends, companys market position and stra tegies. Apart from all these benefits dashboards are advantageous because they are customisable, complete, help drilling into details, intuitive and interactive and can even be accessed by mobile device thus making then the most preferred BIA tool by businesses. Type of data to be included There are three main types of dashboards namely; strategic which focus on KPIs, operational dashboards which focus on operational side of business and analytical that offer drill down functionally (Lim, et al., 2013). Both internal and external data will be needed in order to prepare a dashboard however data requirement vary with the type of dashboard that needs to be created. Internal data could be related to human resources like today headcounts, attrition rates, promotions etc. Internal data include data generated by the operations of an organisation (Brijs, 2012). This information is procured and consolidated from different divisions within an organisation. Some common example of internal data include number of purchase orders generated by sales team, sales orders generated by procurement, transactions performed by finance, leads generated from marketing, and customer records. External data include data that is not collected within the organisation as for example data collected f rom reputed search engines, business magazines like Forbes and proprietary databases (Brijs, 2012). All these data will be consolidated in order to prepare an effective dashboard. Challenges faced while implementing the dashboards Quality and availability for relevant data is the biggest challenge faced during implementation of an effective dashboard (Ghazanfari, et al., 2011). A lot of data can be gather from internal and external source however it is important that the data gathered is reliable, accurate and relevant for the type of dashboard that needs to be prepared. Some other challenges that are faced during dashboard implementation arise from factors such as poor communications among different business units and divisions, lack of clearly defined strategy and expectation from dashboard, office politics that prohibit real time data sharing and very limited budget. Dashboard Audience Depending on the type of dashboard created its audience could be companys senior management, employees, partners and suppliers or all of them (Lim, et al., 2013). As dashboard intends to communicate specific message define the audience of a dashboard is most critical step. Dashboards implementation Once the dashboard has been designed and its goals and audience identified it can be implemented using the following steps as shown below: Fig.1. Source: Brijs, (2012) The implementation team will comprise of subject matter expert, dashboard software expert, business analysts, business intelligence expert, database administrator, IT Manager and Project manager and trainers. In order to develop and implement an effective dashboard it is important to ensure that all these members work in close coordination with each other. Sample Dashboard (have provided two samples keep which you like, first is for HCL company, company name not specified in second one.) Dashboard showing HCL competitive position in terms of deals Image.1. Source: Kearney (2011) References c, V. B. V., Bach, M. P. . Popoviˆ¡c, A., (2013) Supporting performance management with business process management and business intelligence: A case analysis of integration and orchestration. International Journal of Information Management, Volume 30, pp. 613-619. Andersen, B., (2007) Business Process Improvement Toolbox. Milwaukee: ASQ Quality Press. Apple Inc., (2015) Jobs at Apple. [Online] Available at: https://www.apple.com/jobs/us/ [Accessed 2015]. Brijs, B., (2012) Business Analysis for Business Intelligence. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Ghazanfari, M., Jafari, M. Rouhani, S., (2011) A tool to evaluate the business intelligence of enterprise systems. Scientia Iranica, 18(6), pp. 1579-1590. Kearney, A., (2011) HCL Corporate Presentation April 2011. [Online] Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/tommyfmain/hcl-corporate-presentation-april-2011 [Accessed 2015]. Lim, E. P., Chen, H. Chen, G., (2013) Business Intelligence and Analytics: Research Direction. ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems, 3(4), pp. 1-10. Loshin, D., (2003) Business Intelligence: The Savvy Manager's Guide, Getting Onboard with Emerging IT. New York: Morgan Kaufmann. Project Brief

Utley Food Markets

The new Utley management would like to establish a pay-for-performance system. What does this mean to the Utley management? Pay for performance system will have a possible number of consequences to the Utley management, these effects will be mainly centered on the way that the system is incorporated into the organization, the culture of the organization, the perception of the employees in the organization and how open the system will be as regards to its targets.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Utley Food Markets specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In any organization, payment issues are considerably sensitive and it thus requires a positive tactical approach to achieve the desired results. As proposed by Blinder (2002) pay for performance system will work differently for different organizations. This is mainly because of the culture of the organization and the perception of the employees regarding the fa irness of the system. The Utley management ought to understand that there are advantages and disadvantages of implementing the system. On a positive note, the existing system on the employee’s performance appraisal has received negative perception from the employees; the introduction of the new system may be a major relief to the management and the employees of the organization. This will be the case only if the system meets the fundamental requirements of a pay-for performance system and is also properly integrated into the organization. The major objectives for this system includes but not limited to the following; employees will be motivated to be more productive as the results links direct with the payments of rewards in the organization, the employees will feel fairness in the system as they will be rewarded based on their efforts, and the continuous check and balance system will also guarantee the fairness of the system. To the management, they will require adequate fun ding of the system, supportive organization culture that can integrate payment for performance system, adequate training for supervisors and the employees, fair and effective supervisors and ongoing system evaluation process that ensures fairness. To the management of the Utley, this system will mean fairness, performance oriented organization and thus increase in the production of the company’s employees. The ongoing check and balance system will ensure that the system runs smoothly and necessary system modification done with regard to the changing time, culture and the size of the organization. What changes will have to be made in the way the system operates now? The system operation at the moment has received negative perception from the employees mainly because of two fundamental reasons; firstly the system is not open to employee’s suggestions and criticism, in essence the employees have less knowledge on how their performance evaluation is carried out.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Secondly, the system is unfair in the eyes of the employees; this is because upon complaining, the management of the organization reacts in a way that shows some signs of unfairness by adding the complainant an amount slightly above the average pay. These provisions in the current system show lack of proper payment and performance evaluation system instituted in the organization to enhance fairness and openness. Podmoroff (2005) suggests that system improvement within the organization especially with regard to employees reward is critical for the organization’s survival. In order to improve the current system, it is necessary to address the fundamental weaknesses of the system. This system should thus be adjusted to be more open on how the employees’ performance is evaluated in order for the employees to have a chance to explain their poor performance whenever necessary. Involving employees in this critical decision making process will not only make the system fair but also motivate employees and thus enhance a performance oriented organization. The system should also form a department that deals with the grievances of employees within a union and those without the union. The adjustment of pay because the employee has complained needs to be removed and proper channels of payment adjustments put in place to deal with the situation. The pay for performance system should thus be borrowed and integrated into the organization in order to increase the fairness, efficiency and the performance of the Utley Food Markets organization. How might these changes be implemented? These changes that seek to address the payment issues in Utley Foods Market organization needs to be addressed with several things in mind. The existing organizations culture needs to be considered, the nature of the organization structure also n eeds to be considered, and the availability of funding option should also be addressed. Once these factors among others are considered by the management of Utley, the changing process will be easier and with fewer obstacles. The process of changing to the new system should ensure that the employees are involved. This can be achieved by proper communication and training in order for the employees to comprehend the organization’s objectives and their critical role in attaining these objectives and how the payment system will function.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Utley Food Markets specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Assuming that these issues are self-explanatory will derail the objectives of restructuring process (Blinder, 2002). Transparency of the payment system is another critical consideration in adopting the payment method. The company’s employees should be informed on what desired behaviors and accomplishments will be contented by the new payment system. In addition to this, it will be necessary to ensure a consistent and positive feedback regarding the performance of the employees. At this stage, the supervisor or the management of Utley should train employees on the expected accomplishments, how well they should present their efforts and showing them their past ratings as regards to their performance and the rationale for the rating. After the integration of the new system following the mentioned factors, it is imperative for the Utley management to establish a check and balance system that will ensure the effectiveness and the supervisors discretion in evaluating and consequently rewarding the organization’s employees. It is important for the pay system to be fair both in the perceived angle and the actual angle regarding the employee and the organization respectively. When this is the case, credibility and motivating power will be enhanced once the system is in place. Which of the nonmonetary changes will help motivate better performance? Defend your position There are a number of considerations that the Utley management should adopt and integrate into the organization to improve and motivate the company’s employees without necessarily biasing towards rewarding them monetarily. Creating a sound environment is the initial step in enhancing the workers performance. The environment where employees can interact freely with themselves and the management will ensure their personal growth and the feeling of belonging. When the management inquires problems about their personal lives and make positive contributions with advice and show of concern has the greatest impact on the company’s employees, this will translate to performance in the organization. Arranging seminars and training sessions that addresses different careers of the organizational employees is another imperative step in improving the employee’s per formance. These seminars will not only promote the employees performance rate but also motivate them to achieve their personal goals in the organization (Bruce, 2008).Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Giving employees adequate holidays to attend their personal issues is also another important step in motivating them. Employees who are exhausted and have little time for their personal issues will always perform below their expected standards. It is thus necessary to improve on employee’s holidays in order for them to refresh themselves and have a time off their usual work. The other significant issue that the management of Utley needs to ensure is the smooth flow of communication process, this will enhance a sound environment for the interaction process required in any organization to produce quality work and thus meet the objectives of the organization. In essence, communication is the key to successful motivation process since the management will be in a good position to understand the employee’s demands and grievances; in turn this will increase their performance in the field. References Blinder, A. (2002). Paying for productivity: a look at the evidence. Chicago, IL: Brookings Institution Press. Bruce, A., Pepitone, J.(2008). Motivating employees. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.Pp 123-145. Podmoroff , D.(2005). 365 ways to motivate and reward your employees every day– with little or no money. New York, NY: Atlantic Publishing Company. Pp. 134-147. This critical writing on Utley Food Markets was written and submitted by user Jaylen Ochoa to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Life in the Philippines essays

Life in the Philippines essays In the summer of 2000 I took on the challenge of a mission trip to the Philippines with Teen Missions International. This one summer shaped my views in so many ways its almost impossible to describe on one page. It was not only a challenge but an opportunity to see the world so I took it. The goal was to lay concrete for the second floor of a Bible College by hand. Upon arriving we quickly began work tying the rebar so that the next day we could begin the concrete. During the night we slept in tents hoping no rain or snakes would enter our new found home. The days began at 6 a.m. with breakfast and devotionals then off to the work site. We hauled concrete up a series of ladders in five gallon buckets to be poured and floated on the second story of the building. We did this for eight hours with one hour for lunch of course but needless to say one day here was more than what most American teenagers do in a week labor wise. At the end of the work day you were allowed one hour to wash your clothes and bathe yourself out of the buckets. This was followed by one hour for free time which was mainly spent talking with teammates. This one hour of freedom was like gold to all the teens which is why if you got in trouble you did not get this hour and would have to work an extra hour of the day instead. On special occasions we were allowed to go into towns to site see and shop. The poverty levels there shocked me and really opened my eyes to third world countries. People on average barely can make five dollars for one days work. You could not help but feel guilty when spending money with all this going on around you. Many teens decided to donate money to the people and churches rather than spend it. Although most time was spent working we did manage to do a bit of ministry in churches, public areas, and even a military camp. Many people were converted over the course of the summer which made it a ...

The Performing Arts and Digital Reproduction Essay

The Performing Arts and Digital Reproduction - Essay Example Quality in the presentation of performing arts is not as enhanced as it is in the recorded arts, which poses a huge threat to attendance of theatre sessions. Technology has made a huge contribution in visual, audio and presentation for art, which is also taking part in the performing arts. Even if the two arts cannot be compared in terms of presentation quality, the relative role of performing arts by far out-competes recordings. According to Bendixen (2010), the status of performing arts in the society is indispensable concerning social vitality. He states that specifically, the modern society gets integrated in shaping the societies values, norms and structures using communication as the fundamental communication tool. The relative drop in the quality of art cannot therefore stand in the way of art achieving this objective. Location of attending a performance creates a lasting impression in the experience obtained in a performance. Human beings are social creatures that place a lot of importance in their emotions, especially when the environment becomes a factor. For instance, watching a movie at home with the family cannot be compared to attending a live performance with the family in a theatre. Romantic experiences have been reported to be at a pick high when an outing to a live art show is preferred in place of watching a romantic movie indoors. Social role of live performances cannot be captured in a better way than when social functions are taking place. It occupies a crucial position.

Contemporary management issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Contemporary management issues - Essay Example In addition, the rapidly altering conjugal as well as worldwide environment augmented the call for associations in addition to their managers to uncover fresh ways to take action in order to uphold plus boost their performance. One of these novel strategies has been the increasing use of worldwide outsourcing of information technology, services, as well as manufacturing works to countries abroad in order to trim down the working costs that have shown the way to the loss of millions of jobs within the United States along with the panorama of additional major job losses. Also, to amplify their worldwide competitiveness, there has been increasing pressure on managers to put together new-fangled information technology into each and every one of the features of organizations processes to perk up the elements of efficiency as well as client receptiveness. As a final point, the growing multiplicity of the worldwide workforce has made it very important for managers to appreciate how with why public diverges, so that they can efficiently administer in addition to harvesting the remuneration of diversity. The responsibilities that managers have got to carry out professionally as well as successfully have become more compound and demanding than ever before.( George , 2007) The Challenges for Management in a Global Environment For the reason that the world has been varying more speedily than ever before, the managers along with other employees all the way through an association have got to achieve at higher as well as senior levels. Within the last 20 years, antagonism among associations contending nationally (inside the same country) as well as internationally (within countries overseas) has augmented noticeably. The increase of international organizations, organizations that function as well as struggle within more than one country, have put stern pressure on many other associations to progress their performance as well as to recognize better ways To use their resources. The accomplishment of the German chemical companies Schering in addition to Hoechst, Italian furniture producer Natuzzi, Korean electronics companies Samsung and LG, Brazilian plane maker Embraer, in addition to Europe's Airbus Industries are laying pressure on association within other countries to hoist their echelon of performance to contend productively with these international companies. Even in the not-for-profit sector, international antagonism is provocative change. Schools, universities, police forces, in addition to government agencies are re-examining their processes because of looking at the way things are done in other countries. For example, many curriculum and teaching changes in the United States have resulted from the study of methods that Japanese and European school systems use. Similarly, European and Asian hospital systems have learned much from the U.S. system-which may be the most effective, though not the most efficient, in the world. Today, managers who make no attempt to learn and adapt to adjustments within the international environment find themselves respond rather than innovating, and their organizations often become uncompetitive and fail.53

Financial Information Retrieval and Analysis of Hewlett-Packard Essay

Financial Information Retrieval and Analysis of Hewlett-Packard - Essay Example The company also offers multi-vendor customer services such as applications and business domains, technology consulting, as well as outsourcing and support service across the infrastructure. The company additionally offers IT management software, information management solutions, risk management solutions, security intelligence, application testing and delivery software, big data analytics, and a broad range of investment solutions to its customers. One of Hewlett-Packard’s main competitors in the industry is Toshiba Corporation.   Return on equity (ROE) indicates the amount of profit generated from the shareholders’ investment in Hewlett-Packard (HP). The ROE for the company was18.30% while the average return on equity for the industry was 17.50%, and that of Toshiba Corporation was 5.26%, all for the preceding year. These figures indicate that Hewlett Packard is more profitable than the other companies within the same industry. The company may be generating more profits from the shareholders’ investments in the company as compared to other companies in the same industry. The net profit margin for Hewlett-Packard is 4.68% while the industry average is 4.20%, and for Toshiba, it is 0.92% only. The profit margin for HP indicates that the company is more efficient in converting sales into profits as compared to most companies in the industry. The company’s EPS (2.62) is greater than both for the industry (0.96) and Toshiba (1.76). The EPS for HP is an indication of more favorable return on in vestments for Hewlett-Packard. The price-earnings (P/E) ratio for the company is 14.82 compared to the industry ratio which is 16.0 and for Toshiba which is 39.53. The P/E for HP is lower, thus indicating lower growth in terms of future earnings.  

Commentary On Voltaires Candide

Commentary On Voltaires Candide Voltaires work, Candide, uses powerful satirical narrative to represent slavery in the eighteenth century, the supposed Age of Reason, and Candides epiphany, represented throughout the course of the extract. The passage follows the travels of Candide and his fellows to Buenos-Aires, in search of his beloved Cunà ©gonde. After five days of travelling, he arrives, with Cacambo, outside the town of Surinam, where they encounter a mutilated slave. The theme of slavery is represented most effectively through the descriptions given by the characters, rather than the physical description of the scene provided by the narrator. A slave or negrave is found on the ground. His physical position, cute;tendu par terre, reflects his social class and the degradation of slaves. The slaves garment, un caleccedil;on de toile bleue, is hardly weather-proof or durable, highlighting the poverty endured by slaves and the ruthless attitude of their masters. Voltaire withholds the name of the slave, emphasising the disregard for human life implied within society. Nà ¨gre is used to represent the entire slave population. This pejorative term further highlights societys attitude. However, it is important to note that Candide first calls him mon ami, indicating his open nature, perhaps a reflection of Voltaires opinion of slavery. Whilst the masters of slaves are very disrespectful of their slaves, the nà ¨gre calls his keeper maà ®tre, showing a profound respect. To add to masters grandeur, the slave recalls his position in society, qualifying it with the adjective fameux. In this paragraph, the depiction of slavery is brutal, with the tragedies of the workplace and punishment discussed with a banal acceptance. The language used when the slave describes how la meule nous attrape le doigt, on nous coupe la main; quand nous voulons nous enfuir, on nous coupe la jambe gives a feeling of breathlessness and the futility of his attempt to escape. This description of suffering draws accurately on legislation concerning delinquent slaves set out in in the 1685 Code Noir.The description also draws a parallel between the relationship between the slave and his master. Voltaires use of restrictive adverbials, such as ne†¦que demonstrate the physical effects of cruelty on the slave. The language used by the slave i s resigned, with a repetitive use of passive structures such as on nous. The slave then coldly states, cest à   ce prix que vous mangez du sucre en Europe. This simple statement highlights the corruption, not only in slavery, but in all levels of society. Leibnizs philosophy of Optimism is evident in the representation of slavery. The slaves resigned account shows an acceptance of life shared with those who follow the belief of Optimism. Leibniz claimed that both human and moral evils were part of a greater good.This is further emphasised by the qualification of slavery by the mother of the slave as un honneur. The slave adds an optimistic cependant; this sudden element of bathos reinforces Pangloss meilleur des mondes outlook on life. This optimistic view, personified through Pangloss, contrasts greatly with Candides opinions after witnessing the situation. The absurdity of Optimism, with reference to the slave-trade, is shown when Cacambo asks, Quest-ce que quoptimisme? Cacambo has not used an article before optimism, emphasising how little he cares for it. With reference to the novel as a whole, Optimism is only mentioned directly within this passage. As soon as it is mentioned, it is denounced. Further to the slaves account, he co mpares his situation with that of des chiens, des singes et des perroquets. The animals might possibly represent the different social classes within society. The passage emphasises how slavery was represented in monetary terms; the slave was sold by his mother for ten à ©cus patagons, the currency of Spain at the time. Moreover, throughout the slaves account of how he came to be in this position, it appears that slavery was represented differently in the West from the homelands of the slaves. The nà ¨gre recalls how his mother told him ils te feront vivre heureux, describing it as an honour to work for nos seigneurs, les blancs. It is interesting that the masters are classed as les Blancs. Voltaire divides society not only by social class, but also by race. It is clear that the people of Guinà ©e were disillusioned by the notion of slavery. The confusion is further emphasised by the religious theme central to the passage. The lexical field of religion emphasises the religious beliefs of the slaves, a central theme in their African culture. Evidently, the slave is religious, as he attends church tous les dimanches. However, Voltaire highlights, yet again, the corruption within society by making it clear to the reader that the slave had been converted. The Pasteur claims that they are tous enfants dAdam, blancs et noirs. This contradicts his earlier statement of the masters being les blancs. Like his clothes and culture, his religious identity has been stripped from him. Here, Voltaire is criticising the social system of the period. It is clear that the slaves are taught what they know not to be true, yet they accept it as it is the way of the world in which they live. Despite Voltaires thought-provoking depiction of slavery in the passage, it is interesting to look critically at Candides attitude to the situation. When he first encounters the slave on the road, he addresses him in a friendly manner, symbolising his naivety and lack of understanding. Voltaires portrayal of Candides naivety is referenced even in his name. Candide is taken from Latin and connotes whiteness, openness, naivety, innocence and, more negatively, inexperience and credulity. The passive language of the slave throughout his description of his horrific ordeal is a direct juxtaposition with the raw emotion portrayed through Candides reaction. The flaws in Panglosss optimism are clearly highlighted, especially during Candides discourse. W.H Barber suggest that the characters help Voltaire in his purpose of parodying the episodic adventure novel [making it possible for the reader] to view characters and narrative as it were externally, and consequently critically to become aware of the caricature and exaggeration, the deliberate implausibilities, the bathetic contrasts. Despite Candides denouncing of belief, he does little else to react to the situation. Candide merely begins to cry, leaving the slave where he found him. The reader criticises Candide for not helping to free the slave from his bind in society. Voltaire is provoking this response in the reader to make clear the effects of passivity. He also seems to regard the problem as so large and horrifying that [†¦] one can only weep and go on ones way, or presumably, continue to eat sugar with a guilty conscience. Throughout this passage, irony plays very little part. However, other narrative techniques are employed. Personal deixis is used when Candide is talking to the slave. He asks, que fais-tu là  , mon ami, dans là ©tat horrible oà ¹ je te vois?Here it is impossible for the reader to understand the situation and the horrible state that the slave is in without reading into the context of the question. The theme of culture can be thoroughly examined in this passage. Talking en hollandais, Candide emphasises his European background compared with the African culture of the slave. Division within society is clearly illustrated when the slave tells Candide that his mutilation is the price that he has paid to eat sugar en Europe. Voltaire demonstrates that the world is divided. Interestingly, the slave understands Candides Dutch, highlighting their cultural awareness, the importance of communication and the enforcement of other cultures upon slaves. The cultural toleration of the slaves is juxtaposed with the attitude of Western civilisation. African culture appears to be more family-oriented when compared with Candides upbringing. The slave refers to his mother, ma mere, showing his respect for the advice given to him by his family. Throughout this passage of Voltaires Candide, slavery is represented in a number of ways, most notably by the description provided by the slave himself. In addition, Candides attitude highlights the philosophy of Optimism that Voltaire aims to discuss throughout the entire book. It is said that the narrative of Candide is [..] a vehicle carefully designed to convey a philosophical discussion of topical concern both to the author and reader. In conclusion, Voltaire has employed a palette of narrative techniques to enrich this passage of the book. Word Count= 1,490 Bibliography MHRA format Barber, W.H., Studies in French Literature 5, Voltaire: Candide (London: W.H. Barber, 1960) Cronk ,Professor Nicholas, Voltaire and the Voices of Enlightenment, read by Simon Russell Beale, (BBC Radio 3, 2010) Mason,Haydn, European Masters  : Voltaire (London  : Hutchinson, 1975) Williams,David, Voltaire:Candide (London: Grant and Cutler Ltd, 1997) Voltaire, Candide, Presentation by Jean Goldzink, (Paris, Editions Flammarion, 2007)

The Solar System Essay -- Astronomy

The universe was once a vast uncharted area; an area of the unknown. People looked up to the sky in wonder and awe, curious as to what was beyond Earth. What were those lights in the sky? Where did they come from? How did they get there? As time has passed, the universe made up of stars and planets has evolved. What we did not know before, we know now, our cosmos has changed immensely, transforming into what we now call our solar system. Before people had the knowledge and technology we have today, the heavenly skies were an area of endless speculation and inspiration. People from all around the world created their own myths and explanations about the cosmos and the celestial bodies within it. Roughly six thousand years in the past, the Sumerians had the belief that Earth lied in the center of the universe. The Babylonians and Greek civilizations further carried this same belief into their centuries, depicting the heavenly skies as a cosmos revolving around the earth. Looking back into history, the Greeks were the first to put forward the idea that planet Earth was a sphere (now known as an oblate ellipsoid). Then around 340 BC, a Greek philosopher named Aristotle made the discovery of a few of our most influential and fundamental theories that helped to further prove this idea. Aristotle first proposed that one always witnesses the sails of a ship approaching past the horizon first and then its framework. This suggested that the surface of the ocean must be curved and not flat as it was once thought to be. Secondly, Aristotle discovered that the eclipses of the moon were generated by the shadow that Earth casted on it. This further proved the point that if the Earth was flat, the shadow it casted upon the Moon would not app... ...years later that non-uniformity in the antediluvian commenced the formation of galaxies and ancient stars out of pouches of gas condensing due to gravity. Approximately five billion years ago, such pouches of gas that resided in a spiral channel of the MIlky Way Galaxy formed the Sun. An immense circle of gas and refuse that was whirling around the ancient Sun formed to the planets, Earth included, which is predictably 4.6 to 4.5 billion years old. Works Cited Adskin, Alaina. Humanities 242. Away we go!. N.p., 22 Feb. 2011. Web. 1 Dec. 2011. "Big Bang Theory - An Overview." All About Science. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Dec. 2011. Cessna, Abby. "Heliocentric Model." Universe Today. N.p., 22 June 2009. Web. 1 Dec. 2011. "Isaac Newton." Scientists: Their Lives and Works. Gale, 2006. Gale Biography. Dec. 2011. "The Universe." The Big View. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Dec. 2011.